Environmental Thinking in Translation

There are resrouces and connectivities in translational and environmental issues that are ignored or taken for granted. Translational and environmental thinking carry important meanings of identity issues whether in class, social, gender, age, national, colonial, and hegemonic.

Translators as environmentalists proclaime identites that have evident elements of ethnicity and differentiation in them as they are always struggling to defend the local against the global. Translational contexts and environents are employed to foreground identities in both source and target systems. They both shed light on thoughts and contexts, hence, translator reveals all that escapes and hides in environment, of meaning and power.

Transaltion can be used in both the development and the decay of identities beyond the dominant concepts. Far from beng merely language mediators, translator can become forceful culture broker, while all prejudices and competitions are at work.


Ref.:
Beer, Gillian, 1996, Open Fields, Science in cultural encounters, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Macpherson, C., 1966, The real world of Democracy: Oxford: Oxford Univ Press
Macpherson, Crawford Brough 1977, The life and times of liberal democracy, Oxford, Oxford Univ Press
Jowett, Benjamin, 1881, Thucydides translated into english with introduction, Marginal analysis, Notes and İndices, Vol 2, Oxford: Clarendon Press



Translator hides behind other identities to use translation as a way to get around the confines of one's identity. With the richness of differences translator remains critical in disturbing the boundaries, not a silent mediator, rather a participant, in joining the cultures, and groups, where they trespass one another.


The Conditional Assertion Account is Heading Toward The Right Direction.

'Most of us have inconsistent beliefs. İt is quite possible to be committed to an assertive conceptö but to have other belief, that rejects our assertion. Thus, becoming commited to an exclusion sate but at the same tme be committed to it . There should be nothing puzzling about the fact that what happens in such cases is that we are set to gain information from two distinct sources, one part committing to perform and the other part to the contrary. Overall, one is commited to neiteher . İt cannot be the case that commitment to an exclusion state prevents sincere assertion. İt is therefore, not ruled out that one can assert a truth but express commitment to an exclusion state excluding that assertionç There is no contradiction in supposing this.'

'İ am not alone in contending that truth can be made sense of, only if it is posterior to assertion (see, Dummett, 1959)'

Stephan Barker, 2002, Renewing Meaning, Oxford Univ Press






Socially constructed truthfulness of interpretive meaning made possible by powerful lies, problmatize traditional conceptions of transparency and scientific neutrality of cultural representations by justifying political and cultural notion of interpretation.

Power is not just the ability to coerce some one or to get them to do something against their will, but rather, it is the ability to interpret events and reality and have this interpretation accepted by others. Power, hence, is not only a commodity which can be taken by force, but also a role which needs ratification.

Source: Julie Diamond, Status & Power in Verbal interaction, 1996




Changes in networks and contexts

At present the study of interaction in communities is on the agenda for its broad impacts, as people join and separate from groups, migrate or displace from neighborhood, community and countries. We belong to many groups with contradictory objectives.

The task that how social meanings are constructed is a difficult one. The growth and changes of the community and other political task oriented groups have been highlighted to further investigate changes in network structure, patterns of social interaction in contexts, and social relationships as well as the nature of cooperation and competiton and problems of idealogy and membership.

Human behaviour affects social structure in terms of relational, involving networks of ties between individuals and groups, and in terms of the contexts that include these relations such as public institutions. Networks structors are found to have effects of changes in contexts in meaningful ways. The variation of social networks and human interactions are numerous inducing changes in contexts. Their measurement and the way social networks affects local contexts are yet to be investigated and explored. However, how local contexts change human behaviour were studied and classified as in forms of social ties and interactions, norms and trust, institutional resources and activity patterns (Sampson et al, 2002).

Different ways were identified that relate local contexts to patterns of social interactions including nature of social cohesion; social capitals including the impact of social capital at the neighborhood or community level which needs to be well researched; and the concept of collective capacity to produce desired effects, meaning the linkage of mutual trust and the willingness to intervene for the common good within a given neighborhood.

This is operationalized as a combination of two scales – one measuring neighborhood residents’ willingness to intervene in a number of instances (social control), the other meansuring resident’s perceptions of the closeness, trust worthiness of neighbors (social cohesion).

The interest in how sweeping economic and social changes affect social relationships proved that in western settings education, and high social and economic structures increase the size and range of personal networks, diminishing their local quality. There were linkages to broader country culture such as media, cars, TV, etc., where less network cohesion is seen. Empirical examination of network data across different types of social ties and different cities is needed to explore variability of network structures. The conclusion take us to highlight that changes in contexts and networks feedback upon each other in an ongoing manner.




References:
- Felman, Tine Rossing, and Susan Assaf, (1999), Social Capital:Conceptual Frameworks and Empirical Evidence, an Annotated Bibliography, Washinton DC, World Bank
-Smith, K., Operationalizing Weber's Concept of Class Situation; Buckinghamshire Chiltans Univ College, ken.smith@bcuc.ac.uk
-"The promising future of class analysis" (in David Lee and Turner 1996) Conflict About Class, Essex, Pearson Education
-Goldthorp and Marshal, (1992), Essay, Social mobility and class structure in Modern Britain, Oxford, Clarendon Press
-Atkins, P., 2003, Galileo's finger: The ten great ideas of science, Oxford Univ Press
- Julie Diamond, Status & Power in Verbal interaction, 1996